Our lab focuses mostly in diffusion MRI. dMRI is concerned with the movement
of water molecules in the brain. You can read more about the details of
Diffusion Tensor Image (DTI)
here
and here,
and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)
here.
Additionally, we typically acquire structural data such as T1 MPRAGE and T2 FLAIR images.
You can learn more about those types of sequences here.
It is also a great idea to check out the book Introduction to Neuroimaging
Analysis by Jenkinson and Chappell for a general intro to MRI. There are several lab copies available.